%0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2020 %T Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Small Subclass is Reduced in Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Correlates with Cognitive Performance. %A Pedrini, Steve %A Hone, Eugene %A Gupta, Veer B %A James, Ian %A Teimouri, Elham %A Bush, Ashley I %A Rowe, Christopher C %A Villemagne, Victor L %A Ames, David %A Masters, Colin L %A Rainey-Smith, Stephanie %A Verdile, Giuseppe %A Sohrabi, Hamid R %A Raida, Manfred R %A Wenk, Markus R %A Taddei, Kevin %A Chatterjee, Pratishtha %A Martins, Ian %A Laws, Simon M %A Martins, Ralph N %X

BACKGROUND: The link between cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has received much attention, as evidence suggests high levels of cholesterol might be an AD risk factor. The carriage of cholesterol and lipids through the body is mediated via lipoproteins, some of which, particularly apolipoprotein E (ApoE), are intimately linked with AD. In humans, high density lipoprotein (HDL) is regarded as a "good" lipid complex due to its ability to enable clearance of excess cholesterol via 'cholesterol reverse transport', although its activities in the pathogenesis of AD are poorly understood. There are several subclasses of HDL; these range from the newly formed small HDL, to much larger HDL.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the major subclasses of HDL in healthy controls, mild cognitively impaired, and AD patients who were not taking statins to determine whether there were HDL profile differences between the groups, and whether HDL subclass levels correlated with plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels or brain Aβ deposition.

METHODS: Samples from AIBL cohort were used in this study. HDL subclass levels were assessed by Lipoprint while Aβ1-42 levels were assessed by ELISA. Brain Aβ deposition was assessed by PET scan. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests.

RESULTS: We found that small HDL subclass is reduced in AD patients and it correlates with cognitive performance while plasma Aβ concentrations do not correlate with lipid profile or HDL subfraction levels.

CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that AD patients exhibit altered plasma HDL profile and that HDL subclasses correlate with cognitive performances.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 77 %P 733-744 %8 2020 Sep 15 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.3233/JAD-200291 %0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2018 %T Alzheimer's Disease: A Journey from Amyloid Peptides and Oxidative Stress, to Biomarker Technologies and Disease Prevention Strategies-Gains from AIBL and DIAN Cohort Studies. %A Martins, Ralph N %A Villemagne, Victor %A Sohrabi, Hamid R %A Chatterjee, Pratishtha %A Shah, Tejal M %A Verdile, Giuseppe %A Fraser, Paul %A Taddei, Kevin %A Gupta, Veer B %A Rainey-Smith, Stephanie R %A Hone, Eugene %A Pedrini, Steve %A Lim, Wei Ling %A Martins, Ian %A Frost, Shaun %A Gupta, Sunil %A O'Bryant, Sid %A Rembach, Alan %A Ames, David %A Ellis, Kathryn %A Fuller, Stephanie J %A Brown, Belinda %A Gardener, Samantha L %A Fernando, Binosha %A Bharadwaj, Prashant %A Burnham, Samantha %A Laws, Simon M %A Barron, Anna M %A Goozee, Kathryn %A Wahjoepramono, Eka J %A Asih, Prita R %A Doecke, James D %A Salvado, Olivier %A Bush, Ashley I %A Rowe, Christopher C %A Gandy, Samuel E %A Masters, Colin L %X

Worldwide there are over 46 million people living with dementia, and this number is expected to double every 20 years reaching about 131 million by 2050. The cost to the community and government health systems, as well as the stress on families and carers is incalculable. Over three decades of research into this disease have been undertaken by several research groups in Australia, including work by our original research group in Western Australia which was involved in the discovery and sequencing of the amyloid-β peptide (also known as Aβ or A4 peptide) extracted from cerebral amyloid plaques. This review discusses the journey from the discovery of the Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain to the establishment of pre-clinical AD using PET amyloid tracers, a method now serving as the gold standard for developing peripheral diagnostic approaches in the blood and the eye. The latter developments for early diagnosis have been largely achieved through the establishment of the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle research group that has followed 1,100 Australians for 11 years. AIBL has also been instrumental in providing insight into the role of the major genetic risk factor apolipoprotein E ɛ4, as well as better understanding the role of lifestyle factors particularly diet, physical activity and sleep to cognitive decline and the accumulation of cerebral Aβ.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 62 %P 965-992 %8 2018 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29562546?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3233/JAD-171145