%0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2016 %T A Depressive Endophenotype for Predicting Cognitive Decline among Mexican American Adults and Elders. %A Johnson, Leigh A %A Gamboa, Adriana %A Vintimilla, Raul %A Edwards, Melissa %A Hall, James %A Weiser, Brent %A Yadav, Menaka %A Dickensheets, Tony %A O'Bryant, Sid E %X

BACKGROUND: Late life depression is a prodromal feature and a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We identified five items in the Geriatric Depression scale (DepE) that are important as a risk for MCI and AD: memory problems, feeling blue, crying, feeling worthless, and trouble concentrating.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine the relationship between DepE and cognition in a cohort of Mexican Americans.

METHODS: Data from 317 Mexican Americans from the HABLE study were analyzed. DepE scores were dichotomized into two groups: endorsement of 1 item or less, and endorsement of 2 or more items. Cognition was assessed via neuropsychological tests, and diagnosis was based on consensus review. We utilized linear regression to examine the association between DepE and cognitive performance, and logistic regression to examine the utility of DepE in predicting MCI. To examine the impact of DepE on memory over 12 months, we performed ANOVA analysis.

RESULTS: Elevated DepE scores were associated with poorer performance on various measures of memory and cognition, but not executive or visual spatial skills. Over 12 months, we found a decline in immediate memory among women but not men. Those with high scores were 4 times more likely to have MCI. ANOVA of total scores revealed differences between groups on immediate memory (p < 0.05) in women, with no significant differences on delay recall in either gender.

CONCLUSION: DepE can be utilized in Mexican Americans to identify those at risk of memory related cognitive decline.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 54 %P 201-6 %8 2016 Jul 25 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27472872?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3233/JAD-150743 %0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2015 %T Comorbid Depression and Diabetes as a Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in Elderly Mexican Americans. %A Johnson, Leigh A %A Gamboa, Adriana %A Vintimilla, Raul %A Cheatwood, Austin J %A Grant, Alyann %A Trivedi, Ashesh %A Edwards, Melissa %A Hall, James R %A O'Bryant, Sid E %X

BACKGROUND: The links between diabetes, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been established, but they are still poorly understood. However, little research has examined the effect that comorbidity of depression and diabetes has on cognitive impairment in an ethnically diverse sample.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between comorbid diabetes and depression on cognitive dysfunction; and examine the relationship in an ethnically diverse population.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Analyses of data from 2,436 participants (914 men and 1,522 women) of three separate cohorts: HABLE, FRONTIER, and TARCC. In the HABLE cohort, comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.008; 95% CI = 1.358-6.667), age (OR = 1.138; 95% CI = 1.093-1.185), and education (OR = 0.915; 95% CI = 0.852-0.982) increased the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis among elderly Mexican American. In the TARCC cohort, results showed an increase risk of MCI in both non-Hispanic whites (OR = 18.795; 95% CI = 2.229-158.485) and Mexican Americans (OR = 8.417; 95% CI = 2.967-23.878). Finally, results in the FRONTIER cohort showed that in elderly Mexican Americans, comorbidity (OR = 2.754; 95% CI = 1.084-6.995) and age (OR = 1.069; 95% CI = 1.023-1.118) significantly increased risk of MCI. In non-Hispanic whites, comorbidity did not significantly increase risk of MCI.

CONCLUSIONS: Among elderly Mexican Americans, comorbid depression and diabetes significantly increased risk for MCI and AD across cohorts. Effects of comorbid diabetes and depression on MCI were inconclusive. Our results support the link between comorbid diabetes and depression and risk for cognitive decline among Mexican Americans. This finding is of critical importance as the Hispanic population is at higher risk of developing AD.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 47 %P 129-36 %8 2015 Jul 9 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26402761?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3233/JAD-142907