%0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2020 %T Non-Coding RNAs Based Molecular Links in Type 2 Diabetes, Ischemic Stroke, and Vascular Dementia. %A Vijayan, Murali %A Reddy, P Hemachandra %X

This article reviews recent advances in the study of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ischemic stroke (IS), and vascular dementia (VaD). miRNAs and lncRNAs are gene regulation markers that both regulate translational aspects of a wide range of proteins and biological processes in healthy and disease states. Recent studies from our laboratory and others have revealed that miRNAs and lncRNAs expressed differently are potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases, especially T2DM, IS, VaD, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, the effect of aging in T2DM, IS, and VaD and the cellular and molecular pathways are largely unknown. In this article, we highlight results from the works on the molecular connections between T2DM and IS, and IS and VaD. In each disease, we also summarize the pathophysiology and the differential expressions of miRNAs and lncRNAs. Based on current research findings, we hypothesize that 1) T2DM bi-directionally and age-dependently induces IS and VaD, and 2) these changes are precursors to the onset of dementia in elderly people. Research into these hypotheses is required to examine further whether research efforts on reducing T2DM, IS, and VaD may affect dementia and/or delay the AD disease process in the aged population.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 75 %P 353-383 %8 2020 %G eng %N 2 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32310177?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3233/JAD-200070 %0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2018 %T Protective Effects of Indian Spice Curcumin Against Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease. %A Reddy, P Hemachandra %A Manczak, Maria %A Yin, XiangLing %A Grady, Mary Catherine %A Mitchell, Andrew %A Tonk, Sahil %A Kuruva, Chandra Sekhar %A Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh %A Kandimalla, Ramesh %A Vijayan, Murali %A Kumar, Subodh %A Wang, Rui %A Pradeepkiran, Jangampalli Adi %A Ogunmokun, Gilbert %A Thamarai, Kavya %A Quesada, Kandi %A Boles, Annette %A Reddy, Arubala P %K Alzheimer Disease %K Amyloid beta-Peptides %K Animals %K Blood-Brain Barrier %K Curcumin %K Disease Models, Animal %K Humans %K Mice %K Neuroprotective Agents %K Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic %K Spices %X

The purpose of our article is to assess the current understanding of Indian spice, curcumin, against amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Natural products, such as ginger, curcumin, and gingko biloba have been used as diets and dietary supplements to treat human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndromes, and neurological disorders. Products derived from plants are known to have protective effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arthritis, pro-healing, and boosting memory cognitive functions. In the last decade, several groups have designed and synthesized curcumin and its derivatives and extensively tested using cell and mouse models of AD. Recent research on Aβ and curcumin has revealed that curcumin prevents Aβ aggregation and crosses the blood-brain barrier, reach brain cells, and protect neurons from various toxic insults of aging and Aβ in humans. Recent research has also reported that curcumin ameliorates cognitive decline and improves synaptic functions in mouse models of AD. Further, recent groups have initiated studies on elderly individuals and patients with AD and the outcome of these studies is currently being assessed. This article highlights the beneficial effects of curcumin on AD. This article also critically assesses the current limitations of curcumin's bioavailability and urgent need for new formulations to increase its brain levels to treat patients with AD.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 61 %P 843-866 %8 2018 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29332042?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3233/JAD-170512 %0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2016 %T Stroke, Vascular Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Links. %A Vijayan, Murali %A Reddy, P Hemachandra %X

Stroke is a brain disease that occurs when blood flow stops, resulting in reduced oxygen supply to neurons. Stroke occurs at any time and at any age, but increases after the age of 55. It is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted, life-years. The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke is complex and recent molecular, cellular, and animal models and postmortem brain studies have revealed that multiple cellular changes have been implicated, including oxidative stress/mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, micro RNA alterations, and marked changes in brain proteins. These cellular changes provide new information for developing therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke treatment. Research also revealed that stroke increases with a number of modifiable factors and most strokes can be prevented and/or controlled through pharmacological or surgical interventions and lifestyle changes. Ischemic stroke is the major risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the latest research findings on stroke, including causal factors and molecular links between stroke and vascular disease/Alzheimer's disease.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 54 %P 427-43 %8 2016 Sep 06 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27567871?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3233/JAD-160527