%0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2021 %T Effects of Peroral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial-The OmegAD Study. %A Tofiq, Avin %A Zetterberg, Henrik %A Blennow, Kaj %A Basun, Hans %A Cederholm, Tommy %A Eriksdotter, Maria %A Faxen-Irving, Gerd %A Hjorth, Erik %A Jernerén, Fredrik %A Schultzberg, Marianne %A Wahlund, Lars-Olof %A Palmblad, Jan %A Freund-Levi, Yvonne %X

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested a connection between a decrease in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to assess the effect of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) on biomarkers analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients diagnosed with AD.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of daily supplementation with 2.3 g of PUFAs in AD patients on the biomarkers in CSF described below. We also explored the possible correlation between these biomarkers and the performance in the cognitive test Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

METHODS: Thirty-three patients diagnosed with AD were randomized to either treatment with a daily intake of 2.3 g of n-3 FAs (n  =  18) or placebo (n  =  15). CSF samples were collected at baseline and after six months of treatment, and the following biomarkers were analyzed: Aβ 38, Aβ 40, Aβ 42, t-tau, p-tau, neurofilament light (NfL), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII), and IL-6.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups concerning the level of the different biomarkers in the CSF at baseline. Within the treatment group, there was a small but significant increase in both YKL-40 (p = 0.04) and NfL (p = 0.03), while the other CSF biomarkers remained stable.

CONCLUSION: Supplementation with n-3 FAs had a statistically significant effect on NfL and YKL-40, resulting in an increase of both biomarkers, indicating a possible increase of inflammatory response and axonal damage. This increase in biomarkers did not correlate with MMSE score.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 83 %P 1291-1301 %8 2021 Sep 28 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.3233/JAD-210007 %0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2018 %T Does Fatty Acid Composition in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Differ between Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Cohabiting Proxies? %A Faxen-Irving, Gerd %A Falahati, Farshad %A Basun, Hans %A Eriksdotter, Maria %A Vedin, Inger %A Wahlund, Lars-Olof %A Schultzberg, Marianne %A Hjorth, Erik %A Palmblad, Jan %A Cederholm, Tommy %A Freund-Levi, Yvonne %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Alzheimer Disease %K Case-Control Studies %K Dietary Supplements %K Fatty Acids, Omega-3 %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Regression Analysis %K Subcutaneous Fat %X

Low tissue levels of the major marine ω3 fatty acids (FAs) DHA and EPA are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated if healthy proxies to AD patients have higher levels of these ω3 FAs. We observed lower levels of EPA and DHA in subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from 64 AD patients compared with 16 cognitively healthy proxies. No significant difference was observed when pairwise comparisons were made between a subset of 16 AD patients and their co-habiting proxies. Larger studies are needed to replicate these findings and to determine if they could depend on FA intake or differences in metabolism.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 61 %P 515-519 %8 2018 %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29154271?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3233/JAD-170359