%0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2023 %T A 19-Year-Old Adolescent with Probable Alzheimer's Disease. %A Jia, Jianping %A Zhang, Yue %A Shi, Yuqing %A Yin, Xuping %A Wang, Shiyuan %A Li, Yan %A Zhao, Tan %A Liu, Wenying %A Zhou, Aihong %A Jia, Longfei %K Adolescent %K Aged %K Alzheimer Disease %K Amyloid beta-Peptides %K Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 %K Humans %K Magnetic Resonance Imaging %K Male %K Positron-Emission Tomography %X

Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily affects older adults. In this report, we present the case of a 19-year-old male with gradual memory decline for 2 years and World Health Organization-University of California Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test (WHO-UCLA AVLT) results also showing memory impairment. Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging with 18F fluorodeoxyglucose revealed atrophy of the bilateral hippocampus and hypometabolism in the bilateral temporal lobe. Examination of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid showed an increased concentration of p-tau181 and a decreased amyloid-β 42/40 ratio. However, through whole-genome sequencing, no known gene mutations were identified. Considering the above, the patient was diagnosed with probable AD.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 91 %P 915-922 %8 2023 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.3233/JAD-221065 %0 Journal Article %J J Alzheimers Dis %D 2021 %T Race-Related Association between APOE Genotype and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. %A Qin, Wei %A Li, Wenwen %A Wang, Qi %A Gong, Min %A Li, Tingting %A Shi, Yuqing %A Song, Yang %A Li, Ying %A Li, Fangyu %A Jia, Jianping %K Alleles %K Alzheimer Disease %K Apolipoprotein E2 %K Apolipoprotein E4 %K Apolipoproteins E %K Genotype %K Humans %K Racial Groups %X

BACKGROUND: The global race-dependent association of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is not well understood. Transethnic analysis of APOE could clarify the role of genetics in AD risk across populations.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine how race and APOE genotype affect the risks for AD.

METHODS: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library since 1993 to Aug 25, 2020. A total of 10,395 reports were identified, and 133 were eligible for analysis with data on 77,402 participants. Studies contained AD clinical diagnostic and APOE genotype data. Homogeneous data sets were pooled in case-control analyses. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for developing AD were calculated for populations of different races and APOE genotypes.

RESULTS: The proportion of APOE genotypes and alleles differed between populations of different races. Results showed that APOEɛ4 was a risk factor for AD, whereas APOEɛ2 protected against it. The effects of APOEɛ4 and ɛ2 on AD risk were distinct in various races, and they were substantially attenuated among Black people. Sub-group analysis found a higher frequency of APOEɛ4/ɛ4 and lower frequency of APOEɛ3/ɛ3 among early-onset AD than late-onset AD in a combined group and different races.

CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that the association of APOE genotypes and AD differ among races. These results enhance our understanding of APOE-related risk for AD across race backgrounds and provide new insights into precision medicine for AD.

%B J Alzheimers Dis %V 83 %P 897-906 %8 2021 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.3233/JAD-210549