Title | The Cognitive Change Index as a Measure of Self and Informant Perception of Cognitive Decline: Relation to Neuropsychological Tests. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Authors | Rattanabannakit, C, Risacher, SL, Gao, S, Lane, KA, Brown, SA, McDonald, BC, Unverzagt, FW, Apostolova, LG, Saykin, AJ, Farlow, MR |
Journal | J Alzheimers Dis |
Volume | 51 |
Issue | 4 |
Pagination | 1145-55 |
Date Published | 2016 |
ISSN | 1875-8908 |
Keywords | Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Perception, Self Report |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: The perception of cognitive decline by individuals and those who know them well ("informants") has been inconsistently associated with objective cognitive performance, but strongly associated with depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations of self-report, informant-report, and discrepancy between self- and informant-report of cognitive decline obtained from the Cognitive Change Index (CCI) with cognitive test performance and self-reported depressive symptoms. METHODS: 267 participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or mild dementia were included from a cohort study and memory clinic. Association of test performance and self-rated depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS) with CCI scores obtained from subjects (CCI-S), their informants (CCI-I), and discrepancy scores between subjects and informants (CCI-D; CCI-S minus CCI-I) were analyzed using correlation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models. RESULTS: CCI-S and CCI-I scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.96 and 0.98, respectively). Higher scores on CCI-S and CCI-I, and lower scores on the CCI-D, were associated with lower performance on various cognitive tests in both univariate and in ANCOVA models adjusted for age, gender, and education. Adjustment for GDS slightly weakened the relationships between CCI and test performance but most remained significant. CONCLUSION: Self- and informant-report of cognitive decline, as measured by the CCI, show moderately strong relationships with objective test performance independent of age, gender, education, and depressive symptoms. The CCI appears to be a valid cross-sectional measure of self and informant perception of cognitive decline across the continuum of functioning. Studies are needed to address the relationship of CCI scores to longitudinal outcome. |
DOI | 10.3233/JAD-150729 |
Alternate Journal | J. Alzheimers Dis. |
PubMed ID | 26923008 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4833578 |
Grant List | R01 AG040770 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01 AG019771 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States S10 RR027710 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States UL1 RR025761 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States RR020128 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States R00 LM011384 / LM / NLM NIH HHS / United States K02 AG048240 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States P30 AG10133 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States P30 AG010133 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01 LM011360 / LM / NLM NIH HHS / United States C06 RR020128 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States RR027710-01 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States R01 AG19771 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States K01 AG049050 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U54 RR025761 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States R01 AG045157 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States |