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Home > The Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Down Syndrome Scale (BPSD-DS II): Optimization and Further Validation.

TitleThe Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Down Syndrome Scale (BPSD-DS II): Optimization and Further Validation.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2021
AuthorsDekker, AD, Ulgiati, AM, Groen, H, Boxelaar, VA, Sacco, S, Falquero, S, Carfi, A, di Paola, A, Benejam, B, Valldeneu, S, Fopma, R, Oosterik, M, Hermelink, M, Beugelsdijk, G, Schippers, M, Henstra, H, Scholten-Kuiper, M, Willink-Vos, J, de Ruiter, L, Willems, L, de Jong, ALoonstra-, Coppus, AMW, Tollenaere, M, Fortea, J, Onder, G, Rebillat, A-S, Van Dam, D, De Deyn, PP
JournalJ Alzheimers Dis
Volume81
Issue4
Pagination1505-1527
Date Published2021
ISSN1875-8908
KeywordsAdult, Aged, Anxiety, Dementia, Down Syndrome, Female, Humans, Irritable Mood, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Symptom Assessment
Abstract

BACKGROUND: People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk to develop Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and may also serve as early signals for dementia. However, comprehensive evaluation scales for BPSD, adapted to DS, are lacking. Therefore, we previously developed the BPSD-DS scale to identify behavioral changes between the last six months and pre-existing life-long characteristic behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize and further study the scale (discriminative ability and reliability) in a large representative DS study population.

METHODS: Optimization was based on item irrelevance and clinical experiences obtained in the initial study. Using the shortened and refined BPSD-DS II, informant interviews were conducted to evaluate 524 individuals with DS grouped according to dementia status: no dementia (DS, N = 292), questionable dementia (DS + Q, N = 119), and clinically diagnosed dementia (DS + AD, N = 113).

RESULTS: Comparing item change scores between groups revealed prominent changes in frequency and severity for anxious, sleep-related, irritable, restless/stereotypic, apathetic, depressive, and eating/drinking behavior. For most items, the proportion of individuals displaying an increased frequency was highest in DS + AD, intermediate in DS + Q, and lowest in DS. For various items within sections about anxious, sleep-related, irritable, apathetic, and depressive behaviors, the proportion of individuals showing an increased frequency was already substantial in DS + Q, suggesting that these changes may serve as early signals of AD in DS. Reliability data were promising.

CONCLUSION: The optimized scale yields largely similar results as obtained with the initial version. Systematically evaluating BPSD in DS may increase understanding of changes among caregivers and (timely) adaptation of care/treatment.

DOI10.3233/JAD-201427
Alternate JournalJ Alzheimers Dis
PubMed ID33967040
PubMed Central IDPMC8293661
Grant ListR21 AG056974 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
RF1 AG056850 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
RF1 AG061566 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States
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Source URL: https://www.j-alz.com/content/behavioral-and-psychological-symptoms-dementia-down-syndrome-scale-bpsd-ds-ii-optimization