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Home > Vaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia.

TitleVaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2024
AuthorsGreenblatt, CL, Lathe, R
JournalJ Alzheimers Dis
Volume98
Issue2
Pagination361-372
Date Published2024
ISSN1875-8908
KeywordsAdjuvants, Immunologic, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, BCG Vaccine, Humans, Tuberculosis Vaccines
Abstract

 There is growing awareness that infections may contribute to the development of senile dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and that immunopotentiation is therefore a legitimate target in the management of diseases of the elderly including AD. In Part I of this work, we provided a historical and molecular background to how vaccines, adjuvants, and their component molecules can elicit broad-spectrum protective effects against diverse agents, culminating in the development of the tuberculosis vaccine strain Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a treatment for some types of cancer as well as a prophylactic against infections of the elderly such as pneumonia. In Part II, we critically review studies that BCG and other vaccines may offer a measure of protection against dementia development. Five studies to date have determined that intravesicular BCG administration, the standard of care for bladder cancer, is followed by a mean ∼45% reduction in subsequent AD development in these patients. Although this could potentially be ascribed to confounding factors, the finding that other routine vaccines such as against shingles (herpes zoster virus) and influenza (influenza A virus), among others, also offer a degree of protection against AD (mean 29% over multiple studies) underlines the plausibility that the protective effects are real. We highlight clinical trials that are planned or underway and discuss whether BCG could be replaced by key components of the mycobacterial cell wall such as muramyl dipeptide. We conclude that BCG and similar agents merit far wider consideration as prophylactic agents against dementia.

DOI10.3233/JAD-231323
Alternate JournalJ Alzheimers Dis
PubMed ID38393913
PubMed Central IDPMC10977380
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Source URL: https://www.j-alz.com/content/vaccines-and-dementia-part-ii-efficacy-bcg-and-other-vaccines-against-dementia