| Title | Ten-year effects of the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults. |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2014 |
| Authors | Rebok, GW, Ball, K, Guey, LT, Jones, RN, Kim, H-Y, King, JW, Marsiske, M, Morris, JN, Tennstedt, SL, Unverzagt, FW, Willis, SL |
| Corporate Authors | ACTIVE Study Group |
| Journal | J Am Geriatr Soc |
| Volume | 62 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pagination | 16-24 |
| Date Published | 2014 Jan |
| ISSN | 1532-5415 |
| Keywords | Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition Disorders, Cognitive Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Independent Living, Male, Memory Disorders, Mental Processes, Single-Blind Method, United States |
| Abstract | OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of cognitive training on cognitive abilities and everyday function over 10 years. DESIGN: Ten-year follow-up of a randomized, controlled single-blind trial (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE)) with three intervention groups and a no-contact control group. SETTING: Six U.S. cities. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 2,832 persons (mean baseline age 73.6; 26% African American) living independently. INTERVENTION: Ten training sessions for memory, reasoning, or speed of processing; four sessions of booster training 11 and 35 months after initial training. MEASUREMENTS: Objectively measured cognitive abilities and self-reported and performance-based measures of everyday function. RESULTS: Participants in each intervention group reported less difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (memory: effect size = 0.48, 99% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12-0.84; reasoning: effect size = 0.38, 99% CI = 0.02-0.74; speed of processing: effect size = 0.36, 99% CI = 0.01-0.72). At a mean age of 82, approximately 60% of trained participants, versus 50% of controls (P < .05), were at or above their baseline level of self-reported IADL function at 10 years. The reasoning and speed-of-processing interventions maintained their effects on their targeted cognitive abilities at 10 years (reasoning: effect size = 0.23, 99% CI = 0.09-0.38; speed of processing: effect size = 0.66, 99% CI = 0.43-0.88). Memory training effects were no longer maintained for memory performance. Booster training produced additional and durable improvement for the reasoning intervention for reasoning performance (effect size = 0.21, 99% CI = 0.01-0.41) and the speed-of-processing intervention for speed-of-processing performance (effect size = 0.62, 99% CI = 0.31-0.93). CONCLUSION: Each Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly cognitive intervention resulted in less decline in self-reported IADL compared with the control group. Reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years. |
| DOI | 10.1111/jgs.12607 |
| Alternate Journal | J Am Geriatr Soc |
| PubMed ID | 24417410 |
| PubMed Central ID | PMC4055506 |
| Grant List | P30 AG028740 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R03 AG023078 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R24 HD042828 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U01 AG014260 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG014263 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG014276 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG014282 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG014289 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG14263 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG14282 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 AG14289 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01 NR004507 / NR / NINR NIH HHS / United States U01 NR004508 / NR / NINR NIH HHS / United States U01AG-14260 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01AG14276 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States U01NR04507 / NR / NINR NIH HHS / United States U01NR04508 / NR / NINR NIH HHS / United States |
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