Title | Evaluation of the Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of the Subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale in Older Adults. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Authors | Jiang, JM, Seng, EK, Zimmerman, ME, Sliwinski, M, Kim, M, Lipton, RB |
Journal | J Alzheimers Dis |
Volume | 59 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 987-996 |
Date Published | 2017 |
ISSN | 1875-8908 |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is made up of two subscales but is typically used as a single summary measure. However, research has shown that the two subscales may have differential properties in older adults. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and the concurrent and predictive validity for development of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) of the positively-worded (PSS-PW) and negatively-worded (PSS-NW) subscale scores of the PSS in older adults. METHODS: We recruited community residing older adults free of dementia from the Einstein Aging Study. Reliability of the PSS-PW and PSS-NW was assessed using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and intraclass correlation for one year test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity was evaluated by examining the relationship between the PSS subscales and depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and positive and negative affect. Predictive validity was assessed using multivariate Cox regression analyses to examine the relationship between baseline PSS-PW and PSS-NW score and subsequent onset of aMCI. RESULTS: Both PSS-PW and PSS-NW showed adequate internal consistency and retest reliabilities. Both the PSS-PW and PSS-NW were associated with depression, neuroticism, and negative affect. The PSS-NW was uniquely associated with anxiety while the PSS-PW was uniquely associated with positive affect. Only the PSS-PW was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of incident aMCI (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06-1.51 for every 5-point increase in PSS-PW). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating the separate effects of the two PSS subscales may reveal more information than simply using a single summation score. Future research should investigate the PSS-PW and PSS-NW as separate subscales. |
DOI | 10.3233/JAD-170289 |
Alternate Journal | J. Alzheimers Dis. |
PubMed ID | 28671128 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC5777162 |
Grant List | R01 AG022374 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01 AG039409 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R03 AG045474 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01 AG034119 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States R01 AG012101 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States K23 NS096107 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States R01 AG025119 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States P01 AG003949 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States T32 GM007288 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States |