Title | Interaction between Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Development. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2018 |
Authors | Lövheim, H, Olsson, J, Weidung, B, Johansson, A, Eriksson, S, Hallmans, G, Elgh, F |
Journal | J Alzheimers Dis |
Volume | 61 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 939-945 |
Date Published | 2018 |
ISSN | 1875-8908 |
Keywords | Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Antibodies, Viral, Case-Control Studies, Cytomegalovirus, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Herpes Simplex, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Several environmental factors, including infectious agents, have been suggested to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with AD in several recent studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether carriage of CMV, alone or in combination with Herpes simplex virus (HSV), increased the risk of developing AD. METHODS: Plasma samples from 360 AD cases (75.3% women, mean age 61.2 years), taken an average of 9.6 years before AD diagnosis, and 360 age-, sex-, cohort-, and sampling date matched dementia-free controls were analyzed to detect anti-CMV (immunoglobulin [Ig] G and IgM), group-specific anti-HSV (IgG and IgM), and specific anti-HSV1 and HSV2 IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AD cases and dementia-free controls were compared using conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The presence of anti-CMV IgG antibodies did not increase the risk of AD (odds ratio [OR], 0.857; p = 0.497). Among AD cases, an association between CMV and HSV1 carriage was detected (OR 7.145, p CONCLUSION: The present findings do not support a direct relationship between CMV infection and the development of AD; however, an interaction between CMV and HSV1 was found to be associated significantly with AD development. These findings suggest that CMV infection facilitates the development of HSV1-associated AD, possibly via its effects on the immune system. |
DOI | 10.3233/JAD-161305 |
Alternate Journal | J. Alzheimers Dis. |
PubMed ID | 29254081 |